Stem and leaf plot

http://www.northstarmath.com/sitemap/Stem-and-LeafPlot.html

Stem and leaf plots are used to clearly organize numerical information while also minimizing the space in which it would take to order each number seperately.  The map above is perfect example of a stem and leaf plot.  In the first line of the plot it organizes the numbers 22,26, and 27 in a line in which reduces the amount of characters on the page.  

Box plot

http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/box2.html

Box plots are used to map the distribution of data in comparison with other data from the same study.  These maps may be represented vertically as seen above or horizontally.  The map above does not contain any information but does clearly represent the order in which data is graphed.

Histogram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram

Histograms are used to map data that is distributed over time.  The above map shows the frequency of arrivals per minute.  The histogram clearly allows the information to be viewed in the order in which it took place.

Parallel coordinate graph

http://www.infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Extreme_visualization:_squeezing_a_billion_records_into_a_million_pixels

Parallel coordinate graphs are used to more clearly identify high definition three dimensional geometry.  This can be used to decipher certain angles in geometrical shapes such as in maps created through ArcGIS.  The above graph shows the angles of the geometric shape by placing parallel lines between the shape helping for it to be more clearly observed.  

Triangular plot

http://www.ccp14.ac.uk/ccp/web-mirrors/dplot/triangle_plot.htm

Triangle plot maps are used to compare three different variables and show how they relate to one another.  The plot above of soil composition is a great example because it clearly identifies the three variables, being sand, silt, and clay.  The plot shows the soils composition in a study area and the percentage of each variable with in it.  

Windrose

http://forum.yowindow.com/viewtopic.php?t=1756

A windrose is a tool used by geographers and meteorologist's to record wind direction.  The windrose has seven measures between the standard north, east, south, and west measures.  The above windrose portrays the perfect windrose because it contains all measures.  

Climograph

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climograph

Climographs map both precipitation and rainfall in a certain area over a certain amount of time.  The map above is a good example of a climograph.  The map shows temperature using green bars and precipitation using a red scatter line.

Population profile

http://www.ifad.org/operations/regional/pf/aids_1.htm

Population profile maps show the population of a certain place, including the ages and sex of the people being documented.  These maps are often used to show disease and socioeconomic levels of people.  The map above is a great example of a population profile map because it graphs a population of male and females with and without aids.

Scatterplot

http://onlinestatbook.com/chapter4/intro.html

Scatter plots are used to graph two seprate correlating numerical values on the same cartesian plane.  The beneficial factor of using scatter plots is that it shows the levels of dispersion and clustering in certain data sets.  The scatter plot above shows both husband and wifes ages, with a cluster in the 40's range.

Index value plot

http://www.themacrotrader.com/2010/03/02/time-for-large-cap-value/

Index value plots graph cumulative values on a scatter plot rather than graphing absolute values.  This type of mapping is used primarily for business related graphing.  The map above shows an index value graph in which the lines stand for cumulative averages instead of absolute values.

Accumulative line graph or Lorenz curve

http://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Gini_supplement.html

The lorenz curve is a type of map in which shows an inequality in a set of data.  In the map above the map cumulative percent of income is measured.  The lorenz curve deciphers between the distribution of the cumulative percentage of income.

Bilateral graph

http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/category/environment/pamph/2001/oda.html

Bilateral graphs map different sets of relating maps on the same graph.  In the map above different colors are used to distinguish between different sets of data.  In the graph all three sets of data relate because they are all for people working for a certain company.

Nominal area choropleth map

http://rationalrevolution.net/articles/assessing_the_vote_and_the_roots.htm

Like all cholorpleth maps nominal area choropleth maps use different colors to distinguish between different informations.  The difference of nominal area maps is that instead of colors representing numerical values they represent catagorical information such as presidential nominees as seen in the map above.

Unstandardized choropleth maps

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2012.svg

Unstandardized choropleth maps distinguish between different values yet they do not have a class system that includes numbers.  The map above is a good example of an unstandardized choropleth map because it shows the difference between states but without a certain standard of numbers.  If there were a standard of numbers there would be more than two colors, there would be a graduated series of numbers.

Standardized choropleth maps

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog485vba/l7_p7.html

Standardized choropleth maps normalize data according to a certain area.  The normalization results in a graduated color scheme in which displays certain values.  The map above exemplifies standardized choropleth maps with its  normalized numbers assigned to each color, which are used to show the U.S. population.  

Univariate choropleth maps

http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1805128

The univariate choropleth map uses different colors to represent certain colors.  Unlike bivariate, univariate maps only diplay one variable.  The map above only maps ones variable which is obesity in the U.S. in 2008.

Bivariate choropleth maps

http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091.htm

Bivariate choropleth maps use classed colors to represent certain values.  The maps represent two seprate sets of data.  The map above shows concentrated and spatial outlier data sets through the use of seprate colors.

Unclassed choropleth maps

http://go.owu.edu/~jbkrygie/krygier_html/geog_353/geog_353_lo/geog_353_lo07.html

Unclassed chorpleth maps are used to show the difference of certain values in different regions.  Much like classed choropleth maps the unclassed maps distinguish areas of different values yet without classes of certain values.  The map above shows both classed and unclassed maps.  The unclassed map exemplifies many more values to give a more accurate map of information.

Classed choropleth maps

http://www.geoafrica.co.za/reddog/gsw/mapviewer.htm

Classed choropleth maps use certain colors to represent different classes of values in certain areas.  Many times these maps classify counties. In the map above four seperate classes with certain values are mapped in four colors to show the amount of people affected by the west nile virus.

Range graded proportional circle map

http://personal.frostburg.edu/armoore0/maps.htm

Range graded proportional circle maps use circles to display a certain value on a map.  There are a certain number of sizes of circles that are each assigned a certain value.  The map above represents hay harvest through the use of a limited number of circles in which all represent a certain numerical value.

Continuously variable proportional circle map

http://geochristian.com/category/politics/

Continuously variable proportional circle maps are much like proportional circle maps but are more accurate.  The reason this type of map is more accurate is because its values are absolute and have the ability to change.  Instead of quantitized sizes each size is different.  The map above is a good example of a continuously variable proportional circle map because each circle represents its own value therefore is a certain size.  

DOQQ

http://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/doqq.html

DOQQ is known as digital orthophoto quarter quad.  Doqq is a type of mapping that uses high resolution aerial photography to map land.  The image above shows a map that was taken aerially and exhibits high resolution of shape and space. 

DEM

http://www.satimagingcorp.com/gallery/dem-sahara-tunisia-lg.html

DEM is digital elevation model.  This form of graphing uses three dimensional terrain tools to map space.  The map above of a desert is mapped using lines and creating a three dimensional map that shows the terrain of the land.

DLG

http://www.mapcruzin.com/free-geodata-shapefiles/usgs-geospatial-data-geodata-geographic-download.htm

DLG stands for digital line graph.  DLG represents the vector form of the usgs.  The map above shows a vector verson of the usgs using lines to represent data. 

DRG

http://tahoe.usgs.gov/DRG.html

DRG stands for digital raster graphic.  DRG is a form of a raster map that has been scanned onto a computer.  The map above is an example of this because it was scanned from paper to a computer in order for it to be manipulated.

Isopleths

http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0446e/t0446e06.htm

Isopleths are lines in which connect equal values. This is the same concept in which topographic lines are based off.  The maps above display isopleths this can be displayed by looking at the map on the top left in comparison to the bottom left.  The top left map has no connecting lines due to its lack of equal values.

Isopach

http://www.geomore.com/geologic-maps/

Isopachs are lines in which connect areas of a certain thickness.  Many times these maps are used to measure sediment in the ocean. In the case of the map it shows the amount of oil that has accumulated in sand.  This map has potential to be very profitable for oil companies.

Isohyets

http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0808/S00090.htm

Isohyets are lines in which connect areas of equal rainfall over a certain amount of time.  These maps are similiar to topographic maps in that the closer the lines are to one another the higher the value they represent is.  The map above shows the amount of rainfall in a certain area during the month of July.  The blue lines are the isohyets and resemble equal areas of rainfall.

Isotachs

http://www.erh.noaa.gov/btv/events/28Oct2008/ua2.php

Isotachs are very similar to isobars in that they use lines to connect areas of equality.  In the case of isotachs instead of measuring atmospheric pressure it measures wind speeds.  These maps are useful in hurricane analysis.  The map above shows not only wind speed using isotachs but also wind direction.

Isobars

http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/wxfacts/Isobars-on-surface-maps.htm

Isobars  

Isobars are lines in which connect areas of equal atmospheric pressure.  Most often these maps are created to aid those whom study weather.  The map exemplifies isobars in blue and red and are labeled with numbers that represent certain atmospheric pressure.  

Lidar

http://www.neonnotes.org/tag/lidar/

Lidar  

Lidar is a type of map that is created by the use of laser imaging.  This form of mapping creates a high resolution map that displays great detail. The map above is a great example of a lidar map because of its three dimensional display and high resolution of buildings.  

Doppler Radar

http://wegc203116.uni-graz.at/meted/satmet/microwave_topics/clouds_precip_water_vapor/print.htm

Doppler Radar  

Doppler radar is a method of creating maps that display precipitation patterns.  These images often use a graduated color scheme to map the areas of higher or lower precipitation.  The most common place in which people view this type of map is on a weather forecast. 

Black and White Ariel Photography

http://kendallmaps.blogspot.com/2010/07/black-and-white-aerial-photo.html

Black & White Ariel Photography  

Black and white ariel photography is a method of mapping land through the use of film.  The pictures are taken from the air typically by an airplane.  Although these photos are used as maps they are also often used as art.  

Infrared Ariel Photo

http://www.stxmaps.com/go/boot-cove.html

Infrared Ariel Photography  

Infrared photography uses a sensitive film in which displays green as red.  This method of mapping is used to show vegetation and was first developed during world war II.  It may serve as a layer in a GIS application as well as help scientist to study plant life over large areas of land.

Cartographic Animations

http://oliviasmapcatalog.blogspot.com/2012/04/cartographic-animations.html

Cartographic Animation  

Cartographic animation is a method of mapping movement.  The animation may be displayed by a number of still shots or on an electronic device such as a television in which an object is continuously moving.  Weather forecasts often use this method of mapping to display the past, present, and estimated future movement of a storm.

Statistical Maps

http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/census.html

Statistical Map  

Statistical maps are used to graph information.  In these maps symbols are used to portray information.  Typically the symbols will be placed above or on a geographic location, displaying a certain statistic for the geographic location.

Cartograms

http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/2008/

Cartograms 

Cartograms are maps that alter the distance or area of geographic locations.  The maps are altered to signify certain variables.  These variables may include travel time, therefore the area being mapped may be enlarged or minimized in accordance with the time it takes to travel to a certain place.  

Flow Maps

http://www.improving-visualisation.org/visuals/tag=flow+map

Flow Maps

 Flow maps are used to show movement through the use of lines and writing.  The lines may connect ideas within ones brain or data on geographic areas.  Flow maps are often used to expose the migration trends of   people and trade between countries.

Isoline Maps

http://mapanalysisib.blogspot.com/2013/07/us-temperature-isoline-map.html

Isoline Map 

Isoline maps are used to display points of equality through the use of lines.  The points may represent atmospheric pressure, water pressure, and temperature.  These maps are often used in weather forecasts.  

Proportional Circle Maps

http://crw08d.blogspot.com/2011/03/proportional-circle-maps.html

Proportional Circle Map

Proportional circle maps are used to show a numerical statistic for information.  The circles vary in size in accordance with the numerical quantity.  These maps may have different colored circles to represent different sets of data within the same map.  

Choropleth Maps

http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/Laura/

Choropleth Maps

Choropleth maps use different shades of color to display a certain statistic in a region.  What the map is measuring can vary from socioeconomic levels to an animals population in a certain area.  The regions that encompass a certain shade can vary greatly in size.

Dot Distribution Maps

http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=6

Dot Distribution Map 

Dot distribution maps are used to represent spatial data through the use of dots.  These dots are used to mark certain features in space.  By doing this spatial patterns are created which may be clustered or dispersed.  Cellular companies often use these maps to show where cell phone towers are in order to show a customer their service ranges.

Propaganda Maps

http://neatmap.blogspot.com/2011/04/propaganda-map-ronald-reagans-world.html

Propaganda Map 

Propaganda maps are those in which use propaganda through map form.  The information on these maps is many times not true.  The maps are used to persuade people and are often successful because in most cases people believe that maps must be concrete in their validity.

Hypsometric Maps

http://acartographicalworld.blogspot.com/2010/12/hypsometric-map.html

Hypsometeric Map

Hypsometric maps are a type of topographic map that uses colors instead of contour lines.  These different colors are known as hypsometric tints, and they are usually used in a scheme of graduated colors.  As seen in the map above, the scales colors represent the elevation of the earths surface.

PLSS Maps

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/natureofgeoinfo/c7_p19.html

Public Land Survey System Maps 

Public land survey system maps are maps of the United States and its land ownership.  PLSS is sometimes called rectangular survey system. This type of map is most commonly used to depict undeveloped rural land.

Cadastral Maps

http://www.nrm.qld.gov.au/museum/mapping_history/cadastral-maps.html

Cadastral Maps 

Cadastral Maps are mainly used to portray real estate and who owns the property.  The maps are made by using metes and bounds.  The  maps were first created to document land ownership for taxation.  The maps are still widely used today.

Thematic Map

http://vertvogue.blogspot.com/2009/02/introduction-united-states.html

Thematic Map 

Thematic maps map information based on a theme. These themes can range from environmental to social themes.  The map above's theme is recycling in the united states and shows how different regions compare to one another based on its theme.

Topographic Map

http://www.rollanet.org/~conorw/cwome/article5.htm

Topographic Map 

Topographic maps show the elevation of the earths surface through the use of lines.  The distance between the lines represents the steepness of slopes and depressions.  The closer the lines are to one another the steeper the slope is.  These maps are usually highly detailed and in large scale, which creates large maps that cover numerous sheets of paper.

Planimetric Map

http://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/96650

Planimetric Map

Planimetric maps are two dimensional maps of three dimensional areas.  Although these maps are converted from three to two dimension they still retain distance.  These maps can display roads, buildings, as well as natural resources like forests.  

Mental Map

http://learningfundamentals.com.au/resources/

Mental/ Mind Map

Mental or mind maps do not have a certain structure to adhere to.  These maps can (as shown above), stem off of a certain idea and continue to do so to display information in a flowing display of relevant information.  An interesting aspect of mental maps is that they are created by the mappers perception of what is being mapped.  Due to this no two peoples map on a certain subject would be the same.